OMN, 1978
Published archive distance 0.2625. This similarity is not a forecast.
GHA
Ghana
Ghana has a Calm pressure reading, in the middle half.
🟢 CalmThe colour shows the pressure range for this score.
28 / 100
#143 of 206Chance of a conflict escalation in Ghana in November or December 2026: 12% · possible
Chance of a conflict escalation in Ghana in November or December 2026
Government attribution notice published 26 October 2026
- What counts
- In November or December 2026, organised violence on the territory of Ghana, or with Ghana as an active party, must cause at least 25 battle-related deaths in a calendar month and at least twice the monthly average of the preceding three months. A conflict continuing at a steady high intensity does not meet this escalation threshold.
- Months measured
- the whole of November 2026 and the whole of December 2026.
- Decided by
- UCDP Candidate Events data (Uppsala Conflict Data Program), best estimate of battle-related deaths, monthly release. The question will be resolved by 5 Feb 2027 if the required UCDP data are available.
- Resolution convention
- For records spanning calendar months, deaths are allocated in proportion to inclusive calendar days. Events not assigned to a territory under the frozen UCDP place table are excluded from both the target month's total and the average of its preceding three months. Active party means the country's government is coded as a side by UCDP. Certain active-party attribution is retained, and each event is counted once per country.
- Published
- 25 Oct 2026
- Our estimate
- 12% · possible
- If data are unavailable
- If the required UCDP data are unavailable by 5 Feb 2027, the question is recorded as Unresolved.
Earlier issues in the forecast record
Population35.1M35,064,272 · Year 2025 · Source: World Bank, 2025
CapitalAccraAccra
Area238.5k km²238533
GDP$114.2B (2025)114.2 USD bn (2025) · Year 2025 · Source: World Bank, 2025
CurrencyGHSGHS , Ghanaian cedi (₵)
LanguagesEnglishEnglish
Armed forces16k (2020)Armed forces personnel, total, 2020 · The World Bank, World Development Indicators: The Military Balance, IISS · CC BY 4.0
L1 IdentityIdentity is descriptive (name, capital, population). It has no pressure reading by design.
n/a · identity, no pressure reading L2 EconomyPressure linked to the economy and its resources.
L3 PoliticsPressure linked to political power and public institutions.
L4 EventsPressure linked to events that affect the country.
L5 InformationPressure linked to how information reaches the public.
L6 SocietyPressure linked to social conditions and everyday life.
Layer readings: method v1.1, from each layer's documented record, same 0-100 scale as country score. Snapshot 28 Oct 2026.Numeric fields use fixed thresholds on the country pressure scale. Text fields use a documented rubric with two independent readings. These readings describe the snapshot; they are not forecasts.
Since 1946
Highest decade mean 87.8 (1970s); lowest 56.5 (2020-2025).
Details
Recorded events 62 · Country record
- Aug 2025conflict escalation
- Feb 2025conflict escalation
- 2024election
- 1 May 2023external support
- 2020election
- 2016election
- 1 Apr 2015external support
- 2015currency stress
- 2014currency stress
- 1 Jan 2012capital controls
- 2012election
- 1 Jul 2009external support
Show all 62
- 2009currency stress
- Jun 2008conflict escalation
- 2008election
- 2004election
- 1 May 2003external support
- 2001currency stress
- 2000currency stress
- 2000election
- 1 May 1999external support
- 1997currency stress
- 1 Jan 1996capital controls
- 1996currency stress
- 1996election
- 1 Jun 1995external support
- 11 May 1995street pressure
- 1995currency stress
- 1994currency stress
- 1993currency stress
- 1992election
- 1 Mar 1991external support
- 1990currency stress
- 1989currency stress
- 1988currency stress
- 1987currency stress
- 1986currency stress
- 1984currency stress
- 1983currency stress
- 1983conflict escalation
- 1982currency stress
- 31 Dec 1981leadership break
- 1 Sep 1981external support
- 1981currency stress
- 1981conflict escalation
- 1980currency stress
- 4 Jun 1979leadership break
- 1979currency stress
- 1979election
- 5 Jul 1978leadership break
- 1 Jan 1978capital controls
- 1978currency stress
- 1977currency stress
- 1976currency stress
- 1973currency stress
- 13 Jan 1972leadership break
- 1972currency stress
- 1967currency stress
- 24 Feb 1966leadership break
- 1966conflict escalation
- 1965sovereign stress
- 1960election
public country snapshot archive, frozen 10 July 2026. The chart shows mapped historical scores through 2025, with bands at 55, 65 and 80. The 2026 snapshot uses a separate score scale. Its archived crisis category is independent of that number. No numerical change from 2025 to 2026 is implied.
| Year | Mapped historical score | Historical band | Record |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | 73.6 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1947 | 75.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1948 | 75.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1949 | 58.4 | Watch | archive reading |
| 1950 | 79.6 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1951 | 79.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1952 | 71.8 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1953 | 71.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1954 | 69.8 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1955 | 70.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1956 | 59.2 | Watch | archive reading |
| 1957 | 69.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1958 | 56.7 | Watch | archive reading |
| 1959 | 56.6 | Watch | archive reading |
| 1960 | 69.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1961 | 70.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1962 | 71.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1963 | 68.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1964 | 68.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1965 | 78.5 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1966 | 89.2 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1967 | 94.9 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1968 | 91.7 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1969 | 83.4 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1970 | 84.4 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1971 | 75.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1972 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1973 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1974 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1975 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1976 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1977 | 74.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1978 | 78.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1979 | 90.7 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1980 | 75.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1981 | 91.2 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1982 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1983 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1984 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1985 | 87.3 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1986 | 78.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1987 | 76.6 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1988 | 75.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1989 | 75.7 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1990 | 73.7 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1991 | 68.7 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1992 | 69.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1993 | 67.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1994 | 92.5 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1995 | 73.5 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1996 | 75.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1997 | 74.0 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1998 | 75.0 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1999 | 76.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2000 | 64.5 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2001 | 66.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2002 | 65.8 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2003 | 73.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2004 | 72.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2005 | 71.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2006 | 71.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2007 | 70.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2008 | 65.0 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2009 | 63.1 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2010 | 63.6 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2011 | 76.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2012 | 76.0 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2013 | 69.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2014 | 72.7 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2015 | 69.8 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2016 | 72.8 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2017 | 73.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2018 | 72.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2019 | 67.8 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2020 | 68.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2021 | 73.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2022 | 63.3 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2023 | 63.5 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2024 | 43.0 | Calm | archive reading |
| 2025 | 28.0 | Calm | archive reading |
| Snapshot year | Score on the separate 2026 scale | Independent archived crisis category | Record |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 28.0 | Calm | archive reading |
Pressure points
Details
Years like now
3 similar years · Closest: Oman, 1978
Details
SLB, 2015
Published archive distance 0.2743. This similarity is not a forecast.
POL, 2005
Published archive distance 0.3315. This similarity is not a forecast.
Last cyclesA dated measurement used to compare country readings over time.
Last change: 17 Oct 2026, 1 field.
Details
| Cycle | Date | Fields changed | Layer distance from baseline | Record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| date unavailable | 2026-10-28 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 17 Oct 2026 | 2026-10-17 | 1 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 6 Oct 2026 | 2026-10-06 | 1 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 25 Sep 2026 | 2026-09-25 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 14 Sep 2026 | 2026-09-14 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 4 Sep 2026 | 2026-09-04 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 27 Aug 2026 | 2026-08-27 | 1 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 1 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Reconstructed from archived cycle files |
| 14 Aug 2026 | 2026-08-14 | 3 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 1 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 1 · Society: 1 | Reconstructed from archived cycle files |
| 2 Aug 2026 | 2026-08-02 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Reconstructed from archived cycle files |
| 29 Jul 2026 | 2026-07-29T13:40:26Z | 3 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 2 · Politics: 0 · Events: 1 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Reconstructed from archived cycle files |
| 10 Jul 2026 | 2026-07-10T00:30:00Z | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
🟢 Calm <55🟡 Watch 55-<65🟠 Strain 65-<80🔴 Crisis 80-100
Snapshot 28 Oct 2026 · Public country snapshot · Data noticesA dated measurement used to compare country readings over time.
Technical detail
Field sources carry their own dates (shown in each detail).
Record supportHow well documented each layer of this country's record is (share of confirmed and sourced fields). Not a pressure reading.
How well documented each layer of this country's record is (share of confirmed and sourced fields). Not a pressure reading.
L1 Identity60%Confirmed: 0 of 6; Sourced: 6 of 6; Inferred: 0 of 6; Unknown: 0 of 6
L2 Economy49%Confirmed: 0 of 8; Sourced: 5 of 8; Inferred: 3 of 8; Unknown: 0 of 8
L3 Politics90%Confirmed: 6 of 7; Sourced: 0 of 7; Inferred: 1 of 7; Unknown: 0 of 7
L4 Events48%Confirmed: 0 of 5; Sourced: 3 of 5; Inferred: 2 of 5; Unknown: 0 of 5
L5 Information73%Confirmed: 1 of 3; Sourced: 2 of 3; Inferred: 0 of 3; Unknown: 0 of 3
L6 Society70%Confirmed: 3 of 6; Sourced: 1 of 6; Inferred: 2 of 6; Unknown: 0 of 6
Source: Hendeka record audit, snapshot 28 Oct 2026
Phase 1The pressure band expressed as a number from 1 to 4.Confidence 64.6The source confidence score for this reading; it is not a prediction probability.
Ghana in this snapshot
Ghana (GHA) records Calm pressure at 28.0 of 100 and touches 0 mapped pressure points.
The recorded country pattern is stable; its numbered pressure band is 1. The source confidence score is 64.6.
Snapshot 28 Oct 2026. Dataset published 2026-11-05T08:17:49Z. Source: public country snapshot public country index.
5 public layer readings; 0 mapped pressure points in this dated snapshot; 11 country change records; 81 archive readings. Identity is descriptive; absent readings are named beside each layer.
Ghana has pressure score 28/100 in Calm. 142 of 206 public Atlas entries have a higher score; 3 share this score. Its competition rank is 143. This is the published snapshot, not the mapped historical scale.
Adjacent entries in score-descending order (ties by case-folded name, then ISO3): Denmark (DNK), 28/100, tied; Switzerland (CHE), 28/100, tied.
Ghana's highest decade mean is recorded in 1970-1979 (10 readings, mean 87.8). The lowest is 2020-2025 (6 readings, mean 56.5). Calendar decades use available years only; edge decades are partial. These means are calculated from published mapped scores, not the latest pressure scores.
| Observed years | Readings | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | At or above 80 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946-1949 | 4 | 70.6 | 58.4 | 75.2 | 0 |
| 1950-1959 | 10 | 68.4 | 56.6 | 79.6 | 0 |
| 1960-1969 | 10 | 78.5 | 68.1 | 94.9 | 4 |
| 1970-1979 | 10 | 87.8 | 74.9 | 95 | 7 |
| 1980-1989 | 10 | 84.5 | 75.1 | 95 | 5 |
| 1990-1999 | 10 | 74.6 | 67.9 | 92.5 | 1 |
| 2000-2009 | 10 | 68.5 | 63.1 | 73.1 | 0 |
| 2010-2019 | 10 | 71.4 | 63.6 | 76.2 | 0 |
| 2020-2025 | 6 | 56.5 | 28 | 73.1 | 0 |
Across 80 annual readings (1946-2025), Ghana's mapped-score peak is 95 in 1972-1976, 1982-1984; the minimum is 28 in 2025.
Ghana is at or above the historical threshold 55 in 78 of 80 readings: 1946-2023. The remaining 2 are below 55.
Ghana is at or above the historical threshold 65 in 69 of 80 readings: 1946-1948, 1950-1955, 1957, 1960-1999, 2001-2008, 2011-2021. The remaining 11 are below 65.
Ghana is at or above the historical threshold 80 in 17 of 80 readings: 1966-1970, 1972-1976, 1979, 1981-1985, 1994. The remaining 63 are below 80.
The latest observed annual historical-band change for Ghana is 2023 to 2024: Watch (63.5) to Calm (43). This compares annual historical readings; it does not describe a change between published country snapshots.
Ghana records no changed fields against the previous measured cycle at date unavailable (2026-10-28); previous cycle: 17 Oct 2026. Layer counts are distances from baseline, not cycle-change components.
Pressure point readings and their own snapshot date are shown in Pressure points.