CZE, 1978
Published archive distance 0.1389. This similarity is not a forecast.
BEN
Benin
Benin has a Calm pressure reading, in the middle half.
🟢 CalmThe colour shows the pressure range for this score.
54 / 100
#91 of 206Chance of a conflict escalation in Benin in November or December 2026: 12% · possible
Chance of a conflict escalation in Benin in November or December 2026
Government attribution notice published 26 October 2026
- What counts
- In November or December 2026, organised violence on the territory of Benin, or with Benin as an active party, must cause at least 25 battle-related deaths in a calendar month and at least twice the monthly average of the preceding three months. A conflict continuing at a steady high intensity does not meet this escalation threshold.
- Months measured
- the whole of November 2026 and the whole of December 2026.
- Decided by
- UCDP Candidate Events data (Uppsala Conflict Data Program), best estimate of battle-related deaths, monthly release. The question will be resolved by 5 Feb 2027 if the required UCDP data are available.
- Resolution convention
- For records spanning calendar months, deaths are allocated in proportion to inclusive calendar days. Events not assigned to a territory under the frozen UCDP place table are excluded from both the target month's total and the average of its preceding three months. Active party means the country's government is coded as a side by UCDP. Certain active-party attribution is retained, and each event is counted once per country.
- Published
- 25 Oct 2026
- Our estimate
- 12% · possible
- If data are unavailable
- If the required UCDP data are unavailable by 5 Feb 2027, the question is recorded as Unresolved.
Earlier issues in the forecast record
Population14.8M14,814,460 · Year 2025 · Source: World Bank, 2025
CapitalPorto-NovoPorto-Novo
Area112.6k km²112622
GDP$24.6B (2025)24.6 USD bn (2025) · Year 2025 · Source: World Bank, 2025
CurrencyXOFXOF , West African CFA franc
LanguagesFrenchFrench
Armed forces12k (2020)Armed forces personnel, total, 2020 · The World Bank, World Development Indicators: The Military Balance, IISS · CC BY 4.0
L1 IdentityIdentity is descriptive (name, capital, population). It has no pressure reading by design.
n/a · identity, no pressure reading L2 EconomyPressure linked to the economy and its resources.
L3 PoliticsPressure linked to political power and public institutions.
L4 EventsPressure linked to events that affect the country.
L5 InformationPressure linked to how information reaches the public.
L6 SocietyPressure linked to social conditions and everyday life.
Layer readings: method v1.1, from each layer's documented record, same 0-100 scale as country score. Snapshot 28 Oct 2026.Numeric fields use fixed thresholds on the country pressure scale. Text fields use a documented rubric with two independent readings. These readings describe the snapshot; they are not forecasts.
Since 1946
Highest decade mean 90 (1970s); lowest 63.5 (2020-2025).
Details
Recorded events 32 · Country record
- Apr 2025conflict escalation
- Jan 2025conflict escalation
- 1 Jul 2022external support
- 2021election
- 11 Mar 2019street pressure
- 1 Apr 2017external support
- 2016election
- 29 Oct 2014street pressure
- 2011election
- 20 Jul 2010street pressure
- 1 Jun 2010external support
- 2006election
Show all 32
- 1 Aug 2005external support
- 2001election
- 1 Jul 2000external support
- 1 Aug 1996external support
- 1 Jan 1996capital controls
- 1996election
- 1994currency stress
- 1 Jan 1993external support
- 1991election
- 1982currency stress
- 1981currency stress
- 26 Oct 1972leadership break
- 1970election
- 10 Dec 1969leadership break
- 1968election
- 17 Dec 1967leadership break
- 22 Dec 1965leadership break
- 29 Nov 1965leadership break
- 27 Oct 1963leadership break
- 1960sovereign stress
public country snapshot archive, frozen 10 July 2026. The chart shows mapped historical scores through 2025, with bands at 55, 65 and 80. The 2026 snapshot uses a separate score scale. Its archived crisis category is independent of that number. No numerical change from 2025 to 2026 is implied.
| Year | Mapped historical score | Historical band | Record |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1947 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1948 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1949 | 68.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1950 | 88.7 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1951 | 88.7 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1952 | 88.8 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1953 | 88.9 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1954 | 88.9 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1955 | 88.9 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1956 | 88.9 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1957 | 89.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1958 | 89.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1959 | 87.7 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1960 | 80.3 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1961 | 79.5 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1962 | 91.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1963 | 89.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1964 | 89.6 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1965 | 89.7 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1966 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1967 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1968 | 91.2 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1969 | 85.8 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1970 | 88.9 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1971 | 90.5 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1972 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1973 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1974 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1975 | 95.0 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1976 | 89.2 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1977 | 79.8 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1978 | 92.4 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1979 | 78.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1980 | 78.6 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1981 | 78.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1982 | 78.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1983 | 89.8 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1984 | 78.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1985 | 78.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1986 | 77.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1987 | 89.2 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1988 | 77.0 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1989 | 88.4 | Crisis | archive reading |
| 1990 | 76.6 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1991 | 76.5 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1992 | 75.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1993 | 74.6 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1994 | 74.0 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1995 | 73.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1996 | 72.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1997 | 72.6 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1998 | 74.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 1999 | 72.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2000 | 73.7 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2001 | 73.5 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2002 | 71.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2003 | 71.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2004 | 71.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2005 | 72.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2006 | 70.6 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2007 | 70.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2008 | 70.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2009 | 71.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2010 | 70.3 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2011 | 71.5 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2012 | 71.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2013 | 71.1 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2014 | 69.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2015 | 69.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2016 | 72.4 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2017 | 71.2 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2018 | 73.6 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2019 | 64.6 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2020 | 62.7 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2021 | 62.9 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2022 | 66.9 | Strain | archive reading |
| 2023 | 64.9 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2024 | 64.8 | Watch | archive reading |
| 2025 | 59.0 | Watch | archive reading |
| Snapshot year | Score on the separate 2026 scale | Independent archived crisis category | Record |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 54.0 | Calm | archive reading |
Pressure points
Details
Years like now
3 similar years · Closest: Czechia, 1978
Details
ZAF, 1958
Published archive distance 0.1445. This similarity is not a forecast.
JOR, 1963
Published archive distance 0.1456. This similarity is not a forecast.
Last cyclesA dated measurement used to compare country readings over time.
Last change: 17 Oct 2026, 1 field.
Details
| Cycle | Date | Fields changed | Layer distance from baseline | Record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| date unavailable | 2026-10-28 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 17 Oct 2026 | 2026-10-17 | 1 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 6 Oct 2026 | 2026-10-06 | 2 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 1 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 25 Sep 2026 | 2026-09-25 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 14 Sep 2026 | 2026-09-14 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 4 Sep 2026 | 2026-09-04 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
| 27 Aug 2026 | 2026-08-27 | 1 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Reconstructed from archived cycle files |
| 14 Aug 2026 | 2026-08-14 | 3 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 1 · Information: 1 · Society: 1 | Reconstructed from archived cycle files |
| 2 Aug 2026 | 2026-08-02 | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Reconstructed from archived cycle files |
| 29 Jul 2026 | 2026-07-29T13:40:26Z | 3 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 2 · Politics: 0 · Events: 1 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Reconstructed from archived cycle files |
| 10 Jul 2026 | 2026-07-10T00:30:00Z | 0 | Identity: 0 · Economy: 0 · Politics: 0 · Events: 0 · Information: 0 · Society: 0 | Original public record |
🟢 Calm <55🟡 Watch 55-<65🟠 Strain 65-<80🔴 Crisis 80-100
Snapshot 28 Oct 2026 · Public country snapshot · Data noticesA dated measurement used to compare country readings over time.
Technical detail
Field sources carry their own dates (shown in each detail).
Record supportHow well documented each layer of this country's record is (share of confirmed and sourced fields). Not a pressure reading.
How well documented each layer of this country's record is (share of confirmed and sourced fields). Not a pressure reading.
L1 Identity60%Confirmed: 0 of 6; Sourced: 6 of 6; Inferred: 0 of 6; Unknown: 0 of 6
L2 Economy41%Confirmed: 0 of 8; Sourced: 4 of 8; Inferred: 3 of 8; Unknown: 1 of 8
L3 Politics83%Confirmed: 4 of 7; Sourced: 3 of 7; Inferred: 0 of 7; Unknown: 0 of 7
L4 Events48%Confirmed: 0 of 5; Sourced: 3 of 5; Inferred: 2 of 5; Unknown: 0 of 5
L5 Information73%Confirmed: 1 of 3; Sourced: 2 of 3; Inferred: 0 of 3; Unknown: 0 of 3
L6 Society70%Confirmed: 3 of 6; Sourced: 1 of 6; Inferred: 2 of 6; Unknown: 0 of 6
Source: Hendeka record audit, snapshot 28 Oct 2026
Phase 1The pressure band expressed as a number from 1 to 4.Confidence 61.4The source confidence score for this reading; it is not a prediction probability.
Benin in this snapshot
Benin (BEN) records Calm pressure at 54.0 of 100 and touches 0 mapped pressure points.
The recorded country pattern is drifting; its numbered pressure band is 1. The source confidence score is 61.4.
Snapshot 28 Oct 2026. Dataset published 2026-11-05T08:17:49Z. Source: public country snapshot public country index.
5 public layer readings; 0 mapped pressure points in this dated snapshot; 11 country change records; 81 archive readings. Identity is descriptive; absent readings are named beside each layer.
Benin has pressure score 54/100 in Calm. 90 of 206 public Atlas entries have a higher score; 14 share this score. Its competition rank is 91. This is the published snapshot, not the mapped historical scale.
Adjacent entries in score-descending order (ties by case-folded name, then ISO3): Belarus (BLR), 54/100, tied; Cambodia (KHM), 54/100, tied.
Benin's highest decade mean is recorded in 1970-1979 (10 readings, mean 90). The lowest is 2020-2025 (6 readings, mean 63.5). Calendar decades use available years only; edge decades are partial. These means are calculated from published mapped scores, not the latest pressure scores.
| Observed years | Readings | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | At or above 80 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946-1949 | 4 | 88.3 | 68.4 | 95 | 3 |
| 1950-1959 | 10 | 88.8 | 87.7 | 89 | 10 |
| 1960-1969 | 10 | 88.6 | 79.5 | 95 | 9 |
| 1970-1979 | 10 | 90 | 78.9 | 95 | 8 |
| 1980-1989 | 10 | 81.4 | 77 | 89.8 | 3 |
| 1990-1999 | 10 | 74.2 | 72.1 | 76.6 | 0 |
| 2000-2009 | 10 | 71.5 | 70.1 | 73.7 | 0 |
| 2010-2019 | 10 | 70.5 | 64.6 | 73.6 | 0 |
| 2020-2025 | 6 | 63.5 | 59 | 66.9 | 0 |
Across 80 annual readings (1946-2025), Benin's mapped-score peak is 95 in 1946-1948, 1966-1967, 1972-1975; the minimum is 59 in 2025.
Every published year for Benin, 1946-2025, is at or above the historical threshold 55: 80 of 80 readings.
Benin is at or above the historical threshold 65 in 74 of 80 readings: 1946-2018, 2022. The remaining 6 are below 65.
Benin is at or above the historical threshold 80 in 33 of 80 readings: 1946-1948, 1950-1960, 1962-1976, 1978, 1983, 1987, 1989. The remaining 47 are below 80.
The latest observed annual historical-band change for Benin is 2022 to 2023: Strain (66.9) to Watch (64.9). This compares annual historical readings; it does not describe a change between published country snapshots.
Benin records no changed fields against the previous measured cycle at date unavailable (2026-10-28); previous cycle: 17 Oct 2026. Layer counts are distances from baseline, not cycle-change components.
Pressure point readings and their own snapshot date are shown in Pressure points.